Sewage, the wastewater discharged by households and businesses, is a mixture of human waste, chemicals, and other contaminants. When sewage systems malfunction or sewage spills occur, raw sewage can contaminate the environment, posing significant health risks to humans.

### Health Risks and Symptoms of Sewage Contamination

Exposure to sewage can cause a range of health problems, including:

– **Gastrointestinal infections:** Raw sewage contains bacteria, viruses, and parasites that can cause gastrointestinal illnesses such as diarrhea, vomiting, and abdominal cramps.
– **Skin and eye infections:** Contact with sewage can cause skin rashes, eye irritation, and infections.
– **Respiratory problems:** Sewage can release harmful gases and aerosols that can cause breathing difficulties, coughing, and wheezing.
– **Other health issues:** Long-term exposure to sewage may contribute to chronic health problems such as asthma, allergies, and cancer.

### Can Sewage Sludge Make You Sick?

Sewage sludge, the solid waste product of sewage treatment, can also pose health risks. Sludge contains high levels of pathogens, heavy metals, and other toxic substances. Handling or exposure to untreated sewage sludge can cause similar health problems as raw sewage, including:

– **Respiratory issues:** Inhaling dried sewage sludge particles can irritate the lungs and cause respiratory problems.
– **Skin infections:** Contact with sludge can cause skin rashes, burns, and infections.
– **Eye irritation:** Sludge can cause eye irritation and infections.

### Protecting Yourself from Sewage Contamination

To minimize health risks from sewage contamination, it’s crucial to take precautions:

– **Avoid contact with sewage:** Stay away from areas where sewage spills or overflows have occurred.
– **Wash hands frequently:** Wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water after handling potentially contaminated materials.
– **Disinfect contaminated surfaces:** Clean and disinfect surfaces that may have come into contact with sewage using bleach or other disinfectants.
– **Contact health officials:** If you experience any health symptoms after potential exposure to sewage, contact your doctor or local health department promptly.

By following these guidelines and seeking prompt medical attention, you can reduce the risks of contracting illnesses from sewage contamination.